Fiqh Analysis of Prayer and Fasting Time Adjustments in the Arctic Region: A Case Study of Muslims in Norilsk, Russia as a Medium for Religious Literacy among Muslim Communities

Abstract

The Arctic region, including the city of Norilsk in Russia, experiences extreme geographical conditions characterized by prolonged periods of daylight and darkness, particularly during summer and winter. These conditions create unique challenges for Muslims in performing prayers (ṣalāh) and fasting (ṣawm), as the timing of these acts of worship is highly dependent on the alternation of day and night. This study aims to analyze Islamic jurisprudential (fiqh) guidelines regarding the adjustment of prayer and fasting schedules applicable to Muslims living in the Arctic region, using Norilsk as a case study. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach with a literature review method, the study collected and analyzed various sources, including classical fiqh texts, scholarly fatwas, and guidelines issued by Islamic religious institutions concerning the performance of worship under unusual geographical conditions. The findings indicate that several methods for adjusting prayer and fasting times have been formulated, such as following the schedule of the nearest city with a normal day-night cycle or using the time standards of Mecca and Medina. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the flexibility of Islamic jurisprudence in addressing worship-related challenges in extreme regions and offers recommendations for the Muslim community in Norilsk in selecting appropriate methods. Furthermore, this research serves as a foundation for future studies on the application of fiqh in special geographical contexts.